Ordinance Survey map showing the location of 8 London House Yard
A big shout out to my old mate, Florida based Freemason George Brooks, who took this on as a nice little project, downloading maps and tracing the history of the legendary Goose and Gridiron. The Goose and Gridiron is famous to Freemasons all over the world for being the location of the first meeting of the first ever Grand Lodge on the 24th June 1717, when the four London lodges came together. The building has long since gone, though it still existed during the Victorian period, and there is a rare photograph of the pub from around 1890. The building was nestled in a ‘court yard’ and was known as 8 London House Yard, the ‘court yard’ being to ‘the north side, at the west end’ of St. Paul’s Cathedral. The area around St. Paul’s was bombed during World War II, so the surrounding area has changed dramatically during the last century.
A pub can be traced there before the Great Fire of London in 1666, which was called the Mitre, and it was associated with musicians, with concerts taking place and parties. After the fire, a new pub was built, but, as the story goes, instead of using the arms of the company of musicians, which was the Swan and Lyre, the new owners decided to mock the image by using the Goose and Gridiron.
Today, the site is occupied by Juxton House, and for those keen to see the exact spot, the former opening of London House Yard would have been approximately halfway between the steps of the west front of St. Paul’s and the statue of Queen Anne.
The original sign of the Goose and Gridiron. The Museum of London. Photo provided by Vincent O’Loughlin.
Recently, I had the pleasure of having my short paper on Thomas Garnett published in the Philalethes Journal of Masonic Research & Letters, Vol.72, No.4 (Winter 2019). Garnett, who was a notable contributor to the Scottish Enlightenment, gave a lecture on astronomy to the Lodge of Lights (now No.148) in Warrington, Lancashire, in 1796. I have written on the theme of Freemasonry and the Enlightenment many times, especially in my PhD work which was published as The Genesis of Freemasonry, and this theme can also be seen displayed in some of my published papers that are now available on my academia profile.
¡Como conocedora de su trabajo, me da mucho gusto que el Dr. David Harrison pueda ser leído ahora en español! Como bien describe el traductor Darren Lorente-Bull en su introducción, David nos pinta y transporta a un mundo pasado forjado por la Masonería. Con diez libros escritos sobre el tema, David es reconocido como experto en Masonería Inglesa y su trabajo de décadas sobre el tema es evidente en los artículos con temas y personajes ingleses que han marcado su trayectoria profesional. Pero en esta colección David también explora con su singular disciplina académica las Revoluciones en Francia, Estados Unidos y América Latina y grupos de gran controversia como el Hell-Fire club. Su interés por la arqueología es evidente en artículos como el de Los túneles de Williamson.
David escogió sus artículos favoritos y los artículos más populares con sus lectores de entre más de cien que ha publicado en revistas Masónicas y académicas y también en su prolífico blog Masónico. Las historias reflejan el idealismo y la diciplina Masónica que han influenciado la historia del mundo por siglos.
El libro cubre artistas, pensadores y escritores que fueron fuertemente influenciados por la Masonería u otras sociedades secretas como William Blake, Thomas Paine y George Gordon Byron. David no es tímido en poner al descubierto los escándalos de sus sujetos. Temas coloridos incluyen Logias que se reúnen en cuevas y canteras, la Logia de los Autores, la primera mujer Francmasona, el misterio de los ataúdes móviles, sexo seducción y sociedades secretas y ceremonias públicas de colocación de piedras angulares o clave. Temas más sobrios incluyen la opresiva Ley de la Sociedad Ilegal de 1799 y las disputas entre Las Grandes Logias de los Masones Modernos y Antiguos.
Este libro es edificante, único y entretenedor. Masones y amantes de la historia no se arrepentirán de pasar tiempo explorando sus temas. David invita a sus lectores a incorporar los artículos en pláticas Masónicas y presentaciones académicas como David lo ha hecho a lo largo de su carrera. El libro, como lo describe su título, es un mosaico; una colección de personajes, historias y corrientes que como azulejos forman un cimiento Masónico. El nexo común, como lo describe David, son masones trabajando por el bien y el progreso de la humanidad.
By Elena Llamas, Freemason and past host of Phoenix Masonry.
A recent visit to Gjakova in Kosovo gave me a glimpse into two Islamic Orders; the Bektashi and Saadi, and how they use initiation and secrecy, while also providing a journey of spiritual discovery for the initiate in a learning environment of signs and symbols, achieving levels of spiritual knowledge – a journey reminiscent of the spiritual journey some may experience within Freemasonry. On a past visit to Prizren in Kosovo, I attended a Halveti Tekke, a visit that can be read here. Indeed Halveti, Bektashi and Saadi are but three of the twelve Muslim Orders that can be found in Kosovo, other examples being Bajrami and Mevlevi.
The Saadi Order instructs its brethren in a form of collective meditation within the tekke (shrine), where a collective chant or mantra is performed, which, so the Master indicated, allows the brethren to find God within themselves.
The Master informed me that the Saadi Tekke was founded before the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans, and he produced a ‘sword’ that he said belonged to the founder, who came from Persia.
The Bektashi Tekke, which is also located in Gjakova, has a similar feel to the Saadi Tekke. While in Kosovo, I met a number of Freemasons who were also Bektashi, and they explained to me the similarities to the spiritual progressive journey in both. Indeed, there is a historical example of a Masonic lodge in the Balkans that attracted Bektashi members.
The Bektashi prayer room
This was the now famous Ali Koč Lodge, founded in 1850 in Belgrade, Serbia, which contained a mixture of Bektashi followers, adventurers and mercenaries, having around 140 members in all, creating a rebellious mix of Freemasons that cultivated a feeling for revolution, attracting Polish brethren that wanted independence from Russia. It was also reported by a Hungarian spy that ‘the Turkish members of the lodge want to bring back the rule of the Janissaries and that the Christians are republicans’, and also how the Bektashi Order had similarities to that of Freemasonry.1
The Janicari had been abolished in 1826 by Sultan Mohmud II, resulting in a revolt. After the revolt was supressed, the surviving Janicari were either exiled or executed. The Ali Koč Lodge thus became a hotbed of revolutionary spirit and political intrigue, with it being reported at that the time that the lodge was ‘in contact with the revolutionary organisations of all countries’, the Master of the lodge – a Turk named Mehmet Sait Ismail – travelling often, it was reported, ‘for the benefit of the political activities of the lodge’.2
It has also been commented on how the architecture of the Bektashi Shrine conveys a common Islamic architectural language, with the shrine, the courtyard, the archway, the portal and tomb. Indeed, the Halveti Tekke, Saadi Tekke and Bektashi Tekke I had visited, all had a similar architectural structure, with the inner courtyard which provide a sense of sacred isolated peace from the outside world; once you walked through the gateway, it was as if you had traversed into a world of peace where one could meditate and reflect. All had a room that housed the resting place of the Order’s past Masters, and from talking to the Masters of the respective Tekke’s, the architecture represented a sacred space, a space that was separate from the outside world.3
References
1. RW Bro Celil Layiktez P.Ass. GM., Lodge Ali Koc – The Role of Freemasonry in the Liberation of Serbia and the Polish Independence Movement, The Masonic Magazine of the Grand Lodge of Turkey.
2. Ibid.
3. See Dhiamandi, Joana & Kristo, Saimir. (2016). TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BEKTASHI TEKKE IN ALBANIA. Conference Paper, 1st International Scientific Conference on Professional Sciences, Durres, Albania.
My latest work A Journey Through Freemasonry is now out with Arima publishing, and is also available through Amazon. The book collects together my most popular articles on the history of Freemasonry, from my examination of Byron and the Carbonari to my essay on Thomas Paine, and includes other essays on Freemasons such as Edward Jenner, Erasmus Darwin, and Joseph Brant. To accompany this English edition, there is a Spanish version of the book published by Masonica, entitled Mosaico Masonico, and this title will be available soon. It has been translated into Spanish by Masonic author Darren Lorente-Bull.
To have a compendium of my Masonic articles collected in this format is proving to be of interest to lodges that require presentations in their meetings or have study circles. Indeed, there seems to be a growing number of popular Masonic study circles that I have recently become aware of, such as the Wolverhampton Masonic Study Circle, and there seems to be many ‘Light Blue’ clubs that are also getting involved in structured Masonic education. This is a real positive sign of a new progressive drive for Masonic learning within lodges, and it reminds me of how some lodges in the eighteenth century made time for talks and presentations concerning natural philosophy, such as when the Lodge of Lights in Warrington, Lancashire, invited Thomas Garnett to speak at the lodge in 1796. My paper on Garnett’s life and visit to the lodge appears in the recent edition of the Philalethes Journal of Masonic Research & Letters and is available here.
For signed copies of my latest works, feel free to drop me a message via my website, or find me on facebook or twitter.
Goetian magic is a form of magic that allows you to have an element of control over demons and to make them do your bidding – though perhaps at a price. The idea can be seen in a controversial text called The Testament of Solomon, the text, stating how God sent the Archangel Michael to give Solomon the gift of a ring that allowed him to control demons, aiding him to build the Temple. The ring, according to differing sources, is described as a pentagram or as the Seal of Solomon. The use of the term Goetian in English originates from the 17th century grimoire Lesser Key of Solomon, which features an Ars Goetia as its first section. It contains a descriptions of the evocation of 72 demons, and was translated from Latin into English by Freemason S.L. MacGregor Mathers and was published by Aleister Crowley in 1904 as The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Goetic Theurgy is another form of this magic, which is described in the Lesser Key of Solomon, though it is used to invoke aerial spirits.
There is another work called The Key of Solomon, which is a Renaissance work, probably dating from the 14th or 15th century, which may have inspired the Lesser Key of Solomon. The Key of Solomon is made up of two books, the first book containing invocations and curses, a guide to conjure demons and the spirits of the dead and to control them, and like a book of magic, reveals how to find lost items, love spells, protection and prosperity. Book two describes purifications the practitioner has to undergo, how to make the magical implements and what animal sacrifices need to be made for the spirits. The Key of Solomon had also been translated by S.L. MacGregor Mathers in 1888 from the Latin manuscripts held in the British Library.
The 72 Goetian sigils
Some Freemasons during the Occult Revival of the later nineteenth century practiced a form of Goetian magic to summon demons, such as Frederick Hockley, who conjured up a horned creature from a bottle, which offered Hockley everything that he wished for in return for obedience. This is also reminiscent of Faust, who, according to legend, summoned up Mephistopheles, who made a bargain with Faust, with Faust being given magical powers for a set number of years, after which the Devil claimed his soul. These examples however reflect a bargaining that needs to be done with the demon or entity. So, Goetian magic gives the practitioner a measure of control over the demon they are summoning, a measure of control which is helped by the sigils given of each demon in the Lesser Key of Solomon.
Perhaps a modern day interpretation is that Goetian magic is a means to help control the demons within our subconscious, a form of psychological control of our fears and our desires. This is perhaps the real magic of King Solomon, something that was part of his deeper wisdom.
I’ve written about Prizren in Kosovo before after a brief visit in the summer, but I managed to visit for a longer time recently and have a look at some of the archaeology and old churches that dominate the ancient town. One such religious centre I visited was the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, which was built in 1870 by Dario Bucciarelli, the Archbishop of Skopje. The fresco above the altar in the Cathedral displays four angels underneath an all-seeing eye set within a triangle, which represents geometry and is a common symbol within Freemasonry. Angels are obviously a common feature in Christian art, but with the all-seeing eye above them, I couldn’t help being reminded of the four angels that are featured for example in the Elus Coen rituals and the lesser banishing ritual.
Though the cathedral is only late nineteenth century, there was an archaeological excavation being undertaken outside, and a series of walls had been discovered that pre-dated the cathedral. Various pieces of pottery and brick were embedded in the wall, which was made up of various types of local stone.
There are many religious buildings in Prizren; such as the church of Saint Nicholas, which dates to the 14th century, the Sinan Pascha Mosque built in 1600, having been discussed in a previous blog post here, and the Halveti Tekke, established in the late 16th century. The Halveti Tekke was particularly interesting to me as the Tekke itself reminded me somewhat of a lodge room; the Master sat in the eastern part of the room, and there was seating at either side of the room. The walls were adorned with passages from the Quran, and the room had an ambient feeling, a feeling that was perfect for meditation and prayer.
Of all the prophetic visions that occur in the Old Testament, Ezekiel’s vision is perhaps the one that attracts the most interesting and exotic interpretations, a vision that is described in Ezekiel 1:1-3:27. For Freemasons however, we can find much in the vision that we can recognise in our rituals; from the cherubs with their four faces (of man, lion, ox and eagle), to the overall study of symbolism in a section of the Old Testament that deals with the destruction of the Temple and the hope of rebuilding it.
The lion symbolises courage, the ox can be interpreted as strength and the eagle as having far-seeing wisdom, the symbolism of these creatures being described in various books of the Old Testament.
The wheels within wheels which appears by the four cherubim, also reveal rich symbolism for us to decipher. The rims of the wheels are covered in eyes, watching everything as the wheels turn, something that reminded me of how we interpret the All-Seeing Eye of God in Freemasonry, all-seeing, all-knowing and all-evaluating.
Indeed, the vision can be interpreted as a prophecy of the destruction of the Temple, God being displeased with the Israelites as they turned to idolatry. The vision could have suggested that God was watching what they were doing and punishment was coming.
The rituals of Freemasonry guide us through the story of the building of the Temple, its destruction and then its rebuilding in the Royal Arch. The mystical visions of Ezekiel end with hope and that the rebuilding of the Temple can be realised. Thus the rediscovery of God’s word can be achieved.
Prizren in southern Kosovo is, it can be argued, the spiritual centre of Balkan, and in the medieval streets can be found churches, mosques, the Helveti Teqe and, on the outskirts of the town, a medieval monastery. The skyline of Prizren is dominated by the Sinan Pasha Mosque, the building of which was begun around 1600 or 1608 on the orders of Sofi Sinan Pasha, and it has been considered that some of the masonry used to build the mosque were taken from the nearby fourteenth century Saint Archangels Monastery. The mosque was completed in 1615.
The mosque itself is a square building with a measurement of 46 ft x 46 ft, which reminded me of the divine measurement used in certain religious buildings, this mosque certainly having divine aesthetic and spiritual transcendence. The architecture of the dome, which produces a sense of harmonious space, adds to the overall aesthetic, the overall style being typical of the classic period of mosque building by the Ottomans, which took heavily from the Byzantine tradition, especially that of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
The inside walls and the dome were painted with Qur’an verses and floral motives in the 19th century, and there are also displays of geometrical images and hints of the spiritual essence of divine architecture. The mosque is a hidden gem of the Balkans, a piece of architecture that is an example of the spiritual essence of Prizren.
(For further reading on the use of the Golden Measurement in mosques, see K.BOUSSORA AND S.MAZOUZ –
‘The Use of the Golden Section in the Great Mosque at Kairouan’, Nexus Network Journal, Vol.6, No.1, (2004), pp.7-16.)
John Belton: A Questioning Eye on Freemasonry. Lewis Masonic, 2019, IBSN 978-0-85318-568-0
This is Belton’s first book with Lewis Masonic, but he has had books published previously, most notably with his work on the Union of English Freemasonry in 1813, which was published by Arima in 2013 (an article concerning the union is included in this work). This new work however is a compendium, a compilation of Belton’s best papers and articles on his Masonic research from over the past twenty years, originally brought together for his Masonic tour of Australia and New Zealand with the ANZMRC (Australia and New Zealand Masonic Research Council).
I first met John back in 2002, and we started to work together on a paper looking at the development of four lodges in the early nineteenth century in northern England, examining their membership. This paper was subsequently published by the University of Sheffield and can be seen here on our academia pages. This particular piece had followed on from a paper where John had examined the decline of membership in lodges in the US and the UK, a trend that is still happening, and this cutting-edge paper, which upset many with his raw data and thorough research, can be found in this new book.
Belton is a member of Quator Coronati Lodge and Internet Lodge, and some of his papers have appeared in the AQC Transactions over the years, as well as Heredom in the US. One such paper that appears in this collection that is of this calibre is his study on Giuseppe Garibaldi, which examines his connections to Freemasonry. Another excellent paper that is included here is his work on Freemason Dudley Wright, an early twentieth century writer and ‘Truthseeker’. The Dudley Wright piece in particular was seen as ground-breaking as the first ever bibliography of Wright’s works was included.
A Questioning Eye on Freemasonry can be seen as Belton’s ‘greatest hits’ package, and even the title describes Belton’s attitude to Masonic research; he questions everything, going for the raw research rather than writing established ideas. In doing so, Belton breaks new boundaries in Masonic research, and this collection of his best papers reveals this discipline that he has used so effectively in his research and his writing throughout his career. Th book can be purchased through the Lewis Masonic online shop or on all major book outlets including amazon.