Painting of the Peterloo Massacre in 1819

‘Society in Flux: The Emergence and Rise of Middle Class Civil Society in Nineteenth Century Industrial North West England’ was my second academic published paper which examined how Freemasonry played a role in the social issues of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, looking specifically at a collection of lodges located in industrial towns in the north-west of England.

The paper was a joint effort with renowned Masonic scholar John Belton, and was presented as a paper at the Centre for Research into Freemasonry Seminar at the Douglas Knoop Centre, University of Sheffield on the 24th of October, 2006, as a paper entitled ‘Freemasonry in Flux’.

The paper was subsequently published in the Sheffield Lectures on the History of Freemasonry and Fraternalism, Vol.3, University of Sheffield, (2010), pp.71-99. It is available via the link above for free download from academia.edu.