Category: Freemasonry

  • Visit to Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076

    Visit to Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076

    Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076 is the premier research lodge in the world and includes some of the leading Masonic academics as its members. So it was a great honour to have presented a paper to the lodge, which meets in a Temple at the United Grand Lodge of England. My paper examined Freemasonry and the Warrington Academy, which analysed how the Dissenting Academy in the northwest-English town of Warrington during the later eighteenth century, was influenced by the involvement of a number of Freemasons, some of whom were tutors.
    This involvement by Freemasons reflected the ethos of education and represented ideas that were current in the British Enlightenment, the Academy embracing radical ideals of the period. The paper was well received and will appear in the next Transactions of Ars Quatuor Coronati which will be published later this year.
    For enquiries concerning the Quatuor Coronati Correspondence Circle or if you would wish to visit the lodge, please refer to the lodge website: https://www.quatuorcoronati.com/
  • The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, Their Moralistic Philosophy and Similarities to the Teachings of Freemasonry

    The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius have carried through the centuries, the Stoic, inner thoughts of a Roman Emperor, and reflect the philosophical and moralistic core of not just an Emperor’s private reflections, but the moralistic ethos of Western society, a moralistic ethos that can also be seen in Freemasonry. The Meditations contain a central theme of reflecting on one’s judgement of others and a nurturing of one’s cosmic perspective; a way of contemplating man’s place in the Universe and to live in accordance with nature. Marcus Aurelius ruled from AD 161 to 180, and his twelve books of Meditations, were probably never meant to be published. The writings, which take the form of varying lengths of quotations from one sentence to a large paragraph, were composed as reflections to provide guidance and self-improvement for the Emperor himself. Some of the Meditations were written whilst Marcus Aurelius was on campaign in Pannonia – a Roman Province that included part of modern day Hungary – and in Carnuntum – located in modern day Austria. He is considered to be the last of the Five Good Emperors, who, according to the Freemason Edward Gibbon in his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, conducted their rule with ‘virtue’ and created a ‘prosperous condition’.[1]

    The Meditations can be seen as a spiritual guide, but not just as an instruction manual for the self, they reveal the deeper contemplations of a philosopher who was understanding the process of life, death and indeed the void before and after:

    You have the power to strip away many superfluous troubles located wholly in your judgment, and to possess a large room for yourself embracing in thought the whole cosmos, to consider everlasting time, to think of the rapid change in the parts of each thing, of how short it is from birth until dissolution, and how the void before birth and that after dissolution are equally infinite’ (Meditations, Book 9).[2]

    Here it is suggested that we remove all our troubled thoughts and contemplate our true position in the Cosmos, to contemplate time, and that we are indeed insignificant to the Grand scheme of things.

    Similarly, from the first degree working tools in the English Emulation ritual, when describing the common Gavel, which represents the force of conscience, we are notified it is used to ‘knock off all superfluous knobs and excrescences’, which we are informed should ‘keep down all vain and unbecoming thoughts…so that our words and actions may ascend unpolluted to the Throne of Grace.’ Like in the Meditations, we are advised that our negative thoughts should be removed and then we continue along the pathway to become better men.

    The Meditations contain spiritual exercises that can effectively make a good man better, a similar theme found within Freemasonry, which certainly holds similar self-teaching values, values that can motivate and guide the learner down the sometimes dark pathway of life. The Meditations, in a similar way to the teachings in the third degree of Freemasonry, urge us to not be afraid of death, but as a part of nature, we should embrace it at the end. In doing so we become aware of our mortality:

    How quickly all things disappear, in the universe the bodies themselves, but in time the remembrance of them; what is the nature of all sensible things, and particularly those which attract with the bait of pleasure or terrify by pain, or are noised abroad by vapoury fame; how worthless, and contemptible, and sordid, and perishable, and dead they are- all this it is the part of the intellectual faculty to observe. To observe too who these are whose opinions and voices give reputation; what death is, and the fact that, if a man looks at it in itself, and by the abstractive power of reflection resolves into their parts all the things which present themselves to the imagination in it, he will then consider it to be nothing else than an operation of nature; and if anyone is afraid of an operation of nature, he is a child. This, however, is not only an operation of nature, but it is also a thing which conduces to the purposes of nature. To observe too how man comes near to the deity, and by what part of him, and when this part of man is so disposed’ (Meditations, Book 2).

    Life itself is put forward as a series of lessons, higher degrees of learning, and that we are all part of the same.

    Thus the ascent to the higher degree is able to produce a sympathy even in things which are separated’ (Meditations, Book 9).

    In a quotation that reflects the essay of David Hume Of Miracles from the Age of Enlightenment, Marcus Aurelius reminds us that Reason and logic should rule over superstition:

    From Diognetus, not to busy myself about trifling things, and not to give credit to what was said by miracle-workers and jugglers about incantations and the driving away of daemons and such things’ (Meditations, Book 1).

    The Meditations provide a knowledge of oneself being in harmony with nature, that we are forever entwined with mechanisms of the Divine, knowing that we are part of the Universe itself:

    All that is from the gods is full of Providence. That which is from fortune is not separated from nature or without an interweaving and involution with the things which are ordered by Providence. From thence all things flow; and there is besides necessity, and that which is for the advantage of the whole universe, of which thou art a part’ (Meditations, Book 2).

    The perception of life, of self-development and becoming a better person, is something that, according to the Meditations, can be attained by understanding the world about you, by realising that to enrich the soul is the most important thing, not to surround yourself with riches and material wealth, as these do not last, only the soul survives the body to become one with the Divinity:

    Of human life the time is a point, and the substance is in a flux, and the perception dull, and the composition of the whole body subject to putrefaction, and the soul a whirl, and fortune hard to divine, and fame a thing devoid of judgement. And, to say all in a word, everything which belongs to the body is a stream, and what belongs to the soul is a dream and vapour, and life is a warfare and a stranger’s sojourn, and after-fame is oblivion’ (Meditations, Book 2).

    The Masonic ritual gives us similar teachings to the centuries old Meditations; an example being charity, relief and truth, and as we experience the third degree which presents our rebirth into Masonry, we are thus enlightened into a new awareness of a true light, a light that can guide us into becoming a better person. The Meditations hold similar teachings in morality and supply perceptions of nature, the soul and of life and death, which also resonate in the work of the Cambridge Platonists of the seventeenth century.[3] They do indeed still resonate today.

    [1] Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (London: Bison Books, 1979), p.11.

    [2] John Sellers, The Art of Living: The Stoics on the Nature and Function of Philosophy, (London: Bloomsbury, 2013), p.150.

    [3] See David Harrison, The Genesis of Freemasonry, (Hersham: Lewis Masonic, 2009).

    http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.html

  • The Lost Rites and Rituals of Freemasonry

    The Lost Rites and Rituals of Freemasonry

    My new book The Lost Rites and Rituals of Freemasonry is on course for publication with Lewis Masonic at the end of the summer and it’s a book that I’ve very much enjoyed researching and writing. The book has six chapters, it’s around 50,000 words and will have around 40 plus images. The foreword is written by renowned Masonic historian Art de Hoyos and peer reviewed by John Belton. Both are members of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, the leading Masonic research lodge.
    I’ve also played a major role in the development of the cover design, and I found myself experimenting with symbols, sigils and geometrical designs influenced by some of the lost rites themselves. My first design included a variety of geometrical symbols such as the hexagram which was used by Fratres Lucis for example, and I also wanted it to incorporate other symbols within the geometrical structure, along with the four Arch-Angels Uriel, Raphael, Michael and Gabriel who are mentioned in various rituals discussed in the book and are also used in protection rituals.
    As I continued to experiment with cover ideas my sketches became more extended to reflect themes such as meditation and I introduced some of the lost archaic symbols mentioned in the book. It was only after being reined in by the graphic designer that they were discarded in favour of the very first design, the finished cover utilising a yantra element to represent the theme of meditation – something that was referred to in Cagliostro’s Egyptian Rite.
    So the cover is decided upon – for now – as publishers can always change their minds at the eleventh hour on such things as design. But for now, it stays. I’m giving away the signed sketches with pre-orders of the book.
    Some of the experimental sketches for the cover design:
    The first design that was incorporated into the final cover image
  • Kerbstone Marks of Great Queen Street and Bloomsbury

    Kerbstone Marks of Great Queen Street and Bloomsbury

    There are many websites and blogs discussing the mysterious kerbstone marks that can be seen in various parts of London and in many other towns and cities of England. Some can be explained away as benchmarks indicating Ordinance Survey marks, as Service marks for the Electricity, Gas and Telephone companies, and as Borough boundaries, but others are certainly much more enigmatic. Some of the online blogs have completely ruled out that the symbols are stonemason’s marks, some have suggested they are the result of Victorian road workers having a joke, and some marks certainly seem to have been carved in the kerb after laying. Whatever the reason, they are vividly eccentric and certainly add a touch of Masonic mystery in the Great Queen Street area where the United Grand Lodge of England is situated.

    I chose to display here some of the marks on some of the kerbstones around the Bloomsbury and Holborn area, many being spotted in Great Queen Street itself. The marks in this area seem to be dominated by two common styles; a Maltese style cross and a V shape – which could be interpreted as a compass depending on which way you see the mark and if you are a Freemason with an eye for these sort of things. The construction of the kerbs date to the early nineteenth century when the road layout was being constructed, and the marks don’t appear on all kerbs, indeed there may be large gaps in-between the appearance of marks. Some kerbstones feature a number of marks with some looking of a better quality than others, some marks looking decidedly more rough and rugged. All however seem to be weathered which obviously suggests age.

    I’ll be posting up more photos as I come across them along with the many theories that I discover as my research progresses.

     

    References:

    https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/June-2013/Kerbstone-conundrum

    https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/December_January-2014/Kerbstone-Markings-2

    https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/benchmarks/

    All photographs taken by Dr David Harrison © 2017

  • Rose Croix

    It has been suggested by esoteric writers of the occult revival such as John Yarker and Arthur Edward Waite that the Rose Croix degree was the ultimate degree practiced by the Rite de Elus Coens in the later eighteenth century. The degree certainly became a ne plus ultra grade practiced in Knights Templar Encampments in England in the early nineteenth century as it became a much sought after degree.

    In my forthcoming book The Lost Rites and Rituals of Freemasonry, I will attempt to unravel the complex history of the Rose Croix degree, and indeed many more of the lost Rites and rituals of Freemasonry. The degree itself appears to have changed over time and was adapted depending on what particular Rite practiced it.

    The Rose Croix is now the 18th degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite and is considered a central degree within the Rite, with its enigmatic symbol of the pelican pecking her own breast so that her young can feed off her life-blood, its themes of sacrifice, resurrection and rebirth resonate to the very heart of Freemasonry itself. The symbol of the rose itself being one of sacred secrecy.

    The new book Lost Rites and Rituals of Freemasonry will be out late August 2017.

  • St. Deiniol’s Lodge, Hawarden, North-Wales

    St. Deiniol’s Lodge, Hawarden, North-Wales

    Some members of the Lodge Concord which meets in Glasgow, after enjoying a bottle of single malt.
    Some members of the Lodge Concord which meets in Glasgow, after enjoying a bottle of single malt.

    I had the pleasure of being invited to a Welsh lodge over the weekend; St. Deiniol’s Lodge No. 3273, for the installation of the new Worshipful Master. St. Deiniol’s is a historic lodge, being founded in 1907 and meets in a beautiful sandstone Masonic Hall that was opened in 1913. I had actually taken a photo of the Hall which was published in my second book The Transformation of Freemasonry, and it was great to come back and finally visit a lodge that meets in the building.

    The lodge itself uses a ritual that is a blend of Bottomley and Nigerian, and at every Installation, the lodge is visited by a Scottish contingent from a number of lodges north of the border. It’s great how certain lodges create relationships with other lodges and visit each other, making the lodge meeting a bit more special.

    The Masonic Hall, which was originally a school house built in the late 19th century, is well worth a visit and has the best Masonic museum I’ve seen outside of London, and being set in such a historic and beautiful part of North-Wales, it made the visit a unique and memorable experience. 20170225_16563920170225_18343120170225_14272020170225_183749

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  • Masonic Tarot

    Masonic Tarot

    Many years ago, along with an artist friend of mine Siobhan Sands, I decided to play around with the idea of creating a Tarot deck, a deck that was influenced by various different ideas, including Freemasonry. Siobhan worked a number of symbols into the cards, which were largely experimental, and at the time I was reading a lot of Arthur Edward Waite, so I quite fancied the idea of a modern Masonic Tarot. Many other influences streamed into the ideas, and together, we produced around fifteen cards before moving on to our individual projects, but one day we might return to designing them again. Here are a few examples:04 II of swords test the tower Theworld-small40783_463634925271_532570271_6981531_2718922_n[1]

     

     

     

    45395_463647520271_532570271_6981792_2418774_n[1] Justice 03 The Sun The Chariot untitled1 back02

  • Seven More Masonic lodges you would want to visit

    There are so many historical lodges around the world I’ll be spending the rest of my life visiting them! I previously posted a blog with a list of seven lodges that are a must to visit for any Freemason, on this post I’ve only posted six – all on my own personal list. However, I’m going to leave it to the reader to suggest a seventh lodge – it could be your own lodge or a lodge of historical importance. I’ll leave it up to you – please leave a comment below and state why your particular lodge could be added to the list – just for a bit of fun.

    Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076

    aqcQC Lodge as it is commonly referred to, was established in 1884 and consecrated two years later, is the premier Masonic research lodge, not just in England but in the world, and includes such illustrious members as John Belton, Art De Hoyos and Richard Gan. The lodge’s founders include R.F. Gould and Sir Charles Warren, and has had such renowned visitors as Arthur Edward Waite, and the annual transactions are celebrated the world over for the academic and peer reviewed papers on Masonic research. The lodge meets in United Grand Lodge in London and has a correspondence circle that includes thousands of members worldwide.

     

     

    Lodge Canongate Kilwinning No.2

    Robert Burns by Alexander Nasmyth. Scottish National Portrait Gallery
    Robert Burns by Alexander Nasmyth.
    Scottish National Portrait Gallery

    This Edinburgh based lodge is one of the oldest lodges in Scotland, and is one of the most historical, the poet Robert Burns being a member. Just for this reason alone it is classed as an important historical lodge, but the lodge can also be traced back to the seventeenth century. The lodge still meets in the Chapel of St. John – an early eighteenth century chapel – and has boasted a number of Scottish Grand Masters as members through the centuries such as William St. Clair of Roslin (Rosslyn).

     

     

     

     

    Lodge of Lights No. 148

    Warrington-The-building-of-Warrington-Masonic-Hall-Pic-3This Warrington based lodge was founded in 1765, and has included such illustrious members as Scientist Johann Reinhold Forster, a Fellow of the Royal Society who accompanied Captain Cook on his second voyage, industrialist Sir Gilbert Greenall and William Williams who became a Grand Master of the rebel Wigan Grand Lodge in the 19th century. As a lodge that recently celebrated 250 years, it has its own ritual and still uses furniture from the 18th century. It meets at Warrington Masonic Hall and comes under the West Lancashire Province.

     

    York Lodge No. 236

    wp59ab9d84_06The York Lodge was founded in 1777, and its early members included brethren from the Modern, Antient and York Grand Lodges. Its early name was ‘Union’ and it’s easy to see why. Illustrious members included local historian John Browne, and the lodge inherited the archive from the York Grand Lodge in the early 19th century. The lodge still meets in Duncombe Place in York and is well worth a visit. The lodge uses what is termed as the York Working as its ritual.

     

     

    Ellesmere Lodge No. 758

    20161215_182705Meeting in Runcorn in Cheshire, this lodge was consecrated in 1859 and is one of the friendliest lodges I’ve visited. It first met in a Masonic Hall in Runcorn that has since become a pub called the Masonic, and the lodge now meets in a Hall set in the suburbs of Runcorn. Illustrious visitors include Lord De Tabley, and the lodge has a Victorian quaintness about it, using old lodge furniture, the hall having many historical curiosities.

     

    St. John’s Lodge No. 1

    Washington's_InaugurationConstituted in 1757 and is the oldest lodge under the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, and is the keeper of the George Washington Bible which, according to the website, is still in active use by the lodge. The Bible was used at the swearing of allegiance to the Constitution by President-Elect George Washington in 1789, which took place in New York. Since then, the Bible has been used by President Harding in 1921, President Eisenhower in 1953, President Carter in 1977, President Bush Sr in 1989 and was to be used by George W Bush in 2001 but rain stopped its use. The lodge history is certainly entwined with the history of the United States.

    Some websites for the lodges above:

    http://www.lck2.co.uk/

    https://www.quatuorcoronati.com/

    http://www.stjohns1.org/portal/

    http://www.yorklodge236.org.uk/page7.html

     

  • The Genesis of Freemasonry – Review by Julian Rees

    The Genesis of Freemasonry – Review by Julian Rees

    The Genesis of FreemasonryMy first book The Genesis of Freemasonry has just been published on its second imprint of the second edition. As my PhD on the history and development of English Freemasonry, it has captured interest since its first publication in 2009, and below is an excellent review by Masonic scholar Julian Rees:

    This year celebrates the 300th anniversary of the founding of the first masonic Grand Lodge in England in 1717. Yet what we know of the ritual practices of Freemasonry at that period is very little indeed. We know something of the Grand Lodge itself and the people who constituted it, among whom is Jean-Théophile Desaguliers, a Huguenot who had to flee France as a child after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and who became the third Grand Master of the Grand Lodge.
    David Harrison brings Desaguliers and others to life in this very engaging account of the early days of Freemasonry in England, but he does far more than that, leading us through an examination of the early degree system of the ritual, putting it all in the context of the first half of the 18thC, thereby enabling us to see Freemasonry of the age as part of the socio-political scene rather than an odd leisure pursuit of the nobility and aristocracy. Harrison also mentions the use made by James Anderson of the occult philosopher and alchemist John Dee as a resource for masonic history.
    But it is Desaguliers who provides the fascinating element in Harrison’s work. We learn something of Desaguliers’ friendship with Newton and something of Desaguliers’ part in the transition from operative to speculative Freemasonry and the development of the ritual from its original bi-gradal system to the tri-gradal system we know today. A well written work which will provide much background to this anniversary year.

  • The Treasures of English Freemasonry 1717 – 2017

    The Treasures of English Freemasonry 1717 – 2017

    Masonic TreasuresIt was an honour to be asked to contribute a chapter to the new book The Treasures of English Freemasonry 1717 – 2017, which is a book by Lewis Masonic that celebrates the Tercentenary of the Grand Lodge in England. My particular chapter examines the ‘Antients and the Moderns’, and discusses how despite the differences, Freemasons from lodges at a local level could interrelate and move between the two Grand Lodges. In contributing to the book, I join such eminent Masonic historians such as John Belton, Diane Clements and Richard Gan. The book itself is edited by Richard Gan, Richard’s previous work included editing The Square Magazine for a number of years.

    The book has ten chapters in all, each written by a different Masonic scholar, and features 200 photos of Masonic treasures that are held at the United Grand Lodge in London. A copy can be ordered direct through the Lewis Masonic Website.